The impact of Applying Environment-Biased New Technology in the Shadow of Knowledge Trade and on Green Development

The green development of a country is the guarantee of its survival in the world and the well-being of its people.One of the main factors required to carry out economic activities that collectively determine green development and also cause climate change is the use of Environment-Biased Technical know-how business due to the use of natural energy sources called fossil fuels including coal.oil, natural gas, ore, oil, etc.Therefore, the current research was considered with the aim of investigating the impact of applying environment-biased new technology in the shadow of knowledge trade and on green development. In order to investigate the effect of knowledge trade (direct technology imports, foreign direct investment technology spillovers and reverse engineering of imported products) and environment-biased technical progress on sustainable/green development, the GMM estimator has been used in the time period of 2017-2022 and 75 cement factories.The results showed:Knowledge trade is a process through which importing countries acquire new technologies and managerial experience.Developing countries can improve their level of environmental technology only through the direct introduction of technology.Knowledge trade, considering the interactive factor of environmental technology and knowledge trade, in the form of direct introduction of technologyand reverse engineering of imported products, can improve green development.In order to acquire knowledge through imports, it is necessary to import products with a relatively higher level of knowledge and hire professionals so that they can absorb such knowledge.Therefore, it is necessary for governments to gradually improve their independent research and innovation capabilities and encourage domestic companies to develop new technologies