فصلنامه اقتصاد محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی

فصلنامه اقتصاد محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی

کاربردهای انرژی پاک در گلخانه‌های کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
در حال حاضر، کشاورزی به‌سمت مدرن‌سازی و افزایش بهره‌وری در حرکت است تا بتواند در بازار جهانی رقابتی باقی بماند و یکی از مسائل مهم در این راستا، افزایش هزینه‌های انرژی است. کشت گلخانه‌ای به‌عنوان یک صنعت در حال رشد در بسیاری از کشورها مطرح است. این روش، با وجود آن‌که راهکاری جایگزین و مکمل برای تأمین تقاضای جهانی غذا فراهم می‌کند، به‌دلیل افزایش قیمت سوخت‌های فسیلی با کاهش رقابت‌پذیری مواجه است. افزایش روزافزون تقاضا برای غذا و نوسانات قیمت سوخت‌های فسیلی منجر به جست‌وجوی منابع انرژی سازگار با محیط‌زیست شده است. انرژی، یکی از بزرگ‌ترین هزینه‌های سربار در تولید محصولات گلخانه‌ای به‌منظور کنترل اقلیم مناسب به شمار می‌رود. استفاده از سامانه‌های انرژی تجدیدپذیر بادیخورشیدی برای کنترل شرایط محیطی گلخانه‌ها، مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی را کاهش داده و پایداری تولید گلخانه‌ای را بهبود می‌بخشد. این مرور با هدف معرفی دو نوع انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مزایای استفاده از آن‌ها در کشاورزی و گلخانه‌ها، چالش‌های پیش‌روی استفاده از این نوع انرژی و ارائه نمونه‌های عملی از کاربردهای موفق در دنیا، به تشویق استفاده گسترده از این منابع ارزشمند در کشاورزی می‌پردازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Applications of Renewable Energy in Agricultural Greenhouses

نویسنده English

Mehdi Karami Moghadam
Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Abstract
Introduction
The integration of renewable energy in agriculture has gained paramount importance as the global community grapples with climate change and the imperative to conserve natural resources. As a foundational sector for economic stability and food security, agriculture plays a dual role: it is both vulnerable to environmental shifts and a critical arena for mitigation. Transitioning to renewable energy technologies within agricultural systems not only optimizes productivity and crop yields but also substantially mitigates the ecological footprint associated with conventional farming practices.
Objective
Maintaining precise thermal regulation through heating and cooling is a prerequisite for greenhouse production, yet heating costs can constitute up to 70% of total operational expenditures during winter. This study explores the potential of hybrid solar-wind systems as a strategic alternative to conventional energy, which has been shown to yield significant consumption reductions. Specifically, the research evaluates the cost-effectiveness of passive solar greenhouses for extending growing seasons, particularly in cold or high-cloud-cover regions where supplementary renewable or conventional heating is necessary to ensure crop protection.
Research Method
Adopting a systematic literature review approach, this research synthesizes global evidence on the application of renewable energy in agriculture. The study first evaluates electrical energy utilization in greenhouses before conducting a comparative analysis of solar and wind energy applications across diverse international contexts. It further investigates the multi-dimensional factors determining the viability of integrating these systems into protected agriculture and concludes by identifying the systemic challenges hindering widespread adoption.
Results and Discussion
Findings indicate that despite the clear advantages of renewable energy, its adoption, and particularly in developing economies is constrained by complex institutional, political, legal, and socio-cultural barriers. In rural settings, community-based project success hinges on enhancing local awareness regarding the detrimental impacts of fossil fuels. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that adoption rates are significantly influenced by psychological and behavioral determinants, including perceived vulnerability, intrinsic rewards, self-efficacy, and the perceived cost-benefit ratio of the technological transition.
Conclusion
While various technologies including hydropower and biomass, are available, solar and wind energy remain the most critical for innovative agricultural design. The future of the sector lies in the advancement of high-efficiency, low-cost solutions such as multi-junction solar cells and thin-film technologies. Strategic policy intervention and technological maturation are essential to transitioning from fossil-dependent agriculture to sustainable, green-energy-driven systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: Renewable Energy
Agricultural Greenhouses
Environmental Protection
Sustainable Agriculture
Climate Change Mitigation
References
Acosta-Silva, Y. D. J., Torres-Pacheco, I., Matsumoto, Y., Toledano-Ayala, M., Soto-Zarazúa, G. M., Zelaya-Ángel, O., & Méndez-López, A. (2019). Applications of solar and wind renewable energy in agriculture: A review. Science Progress102(2), 127-140.
Andrade, C. S., Rosa, L. P., & Da Silva, N. F. (2011). Generation of electric energy in isolated rural communities in the Amazon Region a proposal for the autonomy and sustainability of the local populations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews15(1), 493-503.
Badsar, M., & Karami, R. (2021). Understanding farmers’ response to renewable energy: an application of Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology23(5), 987-1000.
Barragán-Escandón, A., Jara-Nieves, D., Romero-Fajardo, I., Zalamea-Leon, E. F., & Serrano-Guerrero, X. (2022). Barriers to renewable energy expansion: Ecuador as a case study. Energy Strategy Reviews43, 100903.
Benli, H. (2011). Energetic performance analysis of a ground-source heat pump system with latent heat storage for a greenhouse heating. Energy conversion and management52(1), 581-589.
Bentouba, S., & Bourouis, M. (2016). Feasibility study of a wind–photovoltaic hybrid power generation system for a remote area in the extreme south of Algeria. Applied Thermal Engineering99, 713-719.
Bermudez-Contreras, A., Thomson, M., & Infield, D. G. (2008). Renewable energy powered desalination in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Desalination220(1-3), 431-440.
Beyhan, B., Paksoy, H., & Daşgan, Y. (2013). Root zone temperature control with thermal energy storage in phase change materials for soilless greenhouse applications. Energy Conversion and Management74, 446-453.
Blanchard, M., & Runkle, E. (2017). Michigan State Univ. (2017), http://www.flor.hrt.msu.edu/energy/
Bot, G., Van De Braak, N., Challa, H., Hemming, S., Rieswijk, T. H., Van Straten, G., & Verlodt, I. (2005). The solar greenhouse: state of the art in energy saving and sustainable energy supply. Acta Horticulturae691(2), 501.
Chai, L., Ma, C., & Ni, J. Q. (2012). Performance evaluation of ground source heat pump system for greenhouse heating in northern China. Biosystems Engineering111(1), 107-117.
Chel, A., & Kaushik, G. (2011). Renewable energy for sustainable agriculture. Agronomy for sustainable development31(1), 91-118.
Chikaire, J., Nnadi, F. N., Nwakwasi, R. N., Anyoha, N. O., Aja, O. O., Onoh, P. A., & Nwachukwu, C. A. (2010). Solar energy applications for agriculture. Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences2, 58-62.
Chu, J., Guo, W., & Yan, S. W. (2011). Geosynthetic tubes and geosynthetic mats: Analyses and applications. Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA42(1), 56-65.
Cocks, F. (2009). Geothermal Energy: Energy From the Earth Itself, Energy Demand and Climate Change. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 105–112.
Couture, T., & Gagnon, Y. (2010). An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment. Energy policy38(2), 955-965.
de Araujo Lima, L., & Bezerra Filho, C. R. (2010). Wind energy assessment and wind farm simulation in Triunfo–Pernambuco, Brazil. Renewable Energy35(12), 2705-2713.
Downing, T. E. (1993). The effects of climate change on agriculture and food security. Renewable Energy3(4-5), 491-497.
Dvoskin, D. (1988). Economic realities of utilizing renewable energy in agriculture. Energy in agriculture6(4), 283-293.
Faucher, C., & Bastien, J. (2007). Applications of solar and wind renewable energy in agriculture. IEEE EIC Clim Chang Technol Conf EICCCC 2007; 1–6.
Genovese, A., Alonzo, G., Catanese, V., Incrocci, L., Bibbiani, C., Campiotti, C., & Dondi, F. (2008, October). Photovoltaic as sustainable energy for greenhouse and closed plant production system. In International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions 797 (pp. 373-378).
Ghouchani, M., Taji, M., Cheheltani, A. S., & Chehr, M. S. (2021). Developing a perspective on the use of renewable energy in Iran. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121049.
Hahn, C., Lindkvist, E., Magnusson, D., & Johansson, M. (2025). The role of agriculture in a sustainable energy system–The farmers’ perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews213, 115437.
Hanada, K., Litifu, Z., & Nagasaka, K. (2005). Applications of solar and wind renewable energy in agriculture. IEEE PES Gen Meet 2005; 2005: 209–216.
Hassanien, R. H. E., Li, M., & Lin, W. D. (2016). Advanced applications of solar energy in agricultural greenhouses. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews54, 989-1001.
Kabir, M., & Ekici, S. (2024). Energy-agriculture nexus: Exploring the future of artificial intelligence applications. Energy Nexus13, 100263.
Kulshreshtha, S. N., Junkins, B., & Desjardins, R. (2000). Prioritizing greenhouse gas emission mitigation measures for agriculture. Agricultural Systems66(3), 145-166.
Liao, C. H., Ou, H. H., Lo, S. L., Chiueh, P. T., & Yu, Y. H. (2011). A challenging approach for renewable energy market development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews15(1), 787-793.
Lindsey, R. (2009). Climate and earth’s energy budget. In: NASA Earth Observatory, p. 680.
Mahmoudi, H., Abdul-Wahab, S. A., Goosen, M. F. A., Sablani, S. S., Perret, J., Ouagued, A., & Spahis, N. (2008). Weather data and analysis of hybrid photovoltaic–wind power generation systems adapted to a seawater greenhouse desalination unit designed for arid coastal countries. Desalination222(1-3), 119-127.
Meah, K., Ula, S., & Barrett, S. (2008). Solar photovoltaic water pumping—opportunities and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews12(4), 1162-1175.
Nam, Y. J., Gao, X. Y., Yoon, S. H., & Lee, K. H. (2015). Study on the performance of a ground source heat pump system assisted by solar thermal storage. Energies8(12), 13378-13394.
Neufeldt, H., & Schäfer, M. (2008). Mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture using a regional economic-ecosystem model. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment123(4), 305-316.
Norberto, C., Gonzalez-Brambila, C. N., & Matsumoto, Y. (2016). Systematic analysis of factors affecting solar PV deployment. Journal of Energy Storage6, 163-172.
Ouammi, A., Dagdougui, H., Sacile, R., & Mimet, A. (2010). Monthly and seasonal assessment of wind energy characteristics at four monitored locations in Liguria region (Italy). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews14(7), 1959-1968.
Pretty, J. N., Ball, A. S., Xiaoyun, L., & Ravindranath, N. H. (2013). The role of sustainable agriculture and renewable-resource management in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing sinks in China and India. In Capturing Carbon and Conserving Biodiversity (pp. 195-217). Routledge.
Rahman, M. M., Khan, I., Field, D. L., Techato, K., & Alameh, K. (2022). Powering agriculture: Present status, future potential, and challenges of renewable energy applications. Renewable Energy188, 731-749.
Rhodes, C. J. (2010). Solar energy: principles and possibilities. Science progress93(1), 37-112.
Rhodes, C. J. (2017). The imperative for regenerative agriculture. Science progress100(1), 80-129.
Sanz, M., Sanz, JF., & Botero, D. (2002). Applications of solar and wind renewable energy in agriculture: A review. IECON Proc (Industrial Electron) Conf 2002; 4: 3332–3337.
Scordato, L., & Gulbrandsen, M. (2024). Resilience perspectives in sustainability transitions research: A systematic literature review. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions52, 100887.
Smith, P., Martino, D., Cai, Z., Gwary, D., Janzen, H., Kumar, P., ... & Towprayoon, S. (2007). Policy and technological constraints to implementation of greenhouse gas mitigation options in agriculture. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment118(1-4), 6-28.
Streimikiene, D., Baležentis, T., Volkov, A., Morkūnas, M., Žičkienė, A., & Streimikis, J. (2021). Barriers and drivers of renewable energy penetration in rural areas. Energies14(20), 6452.
Timilsina, G. R., Kurdgelashvili, L., & Narbel, P. A. (2012). Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews16(1), 449-465.
Tong, Y., Kozai, T., & Ohyama, K. (2013). Performance of household heat pumps for nighttime cooling of a tomato greenhouse during the summer. Applied engineering in agriculture29(3), 415-422.
Van Campen, B., Guidi, D., & Best, G. (2000). Solar photovoltaics for sustainable agriculture and rural development; FAO.
Vilela, O. C., Bione, J., & Fraidenraich, N. (2004). Simulation of grape culture irrigation with photovoltaic V-trough pumping systems. Renewable energy29(10), 1697-1705.
Wiser, R., & Bolinger, M. (2006). Balancing cost and risk: The treatment of renewable energy in western utility resource plans. The Electricity Journal19(1), 48-59.
Yano, A., Tsuchiya, K., Nishi, K., Moriyama, T., & Ide, O. (2007). Development of a greenhouse side-ventilation controller driven by photovoltaic energy. Biosystems Engineering96(4), 633-641.
Yuksel, I. (2013). Renewable energy status of electricity generation and future prospect hydropower in Turkey. Renewable Energy50, 1037-1043.
Zarnikau, J. (2011). Successful renewable energy development in a competitive electricity market: A Texas case study. Energy Policy39(7), 3906-3913.
دوره 5، شماره 13
پاییز 1404
صفحه 96-118

  • تاریخ دریافت 13 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 13 اردیبهشت 1405