کاربردهای انرژی پاک در گلخانه های کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات

چکیده

در حال حاضر، کشاورزی به‌سمت مدرن‌سازی و افزایش بهره‌وری در حرکت است تا بتواند در بازار جهانی رقابتی باقی بماند و یکی از مسائل مهم در این راستا، افزایش هزینه‌های انرژی است. کشت گلخانه‌ای به‌عنوان یک صنعت در حال رشد در بسیاری از کشورها مطرح است. این روش، با وجود آن‌که راهکاری جایگزین و مکمل برای تأمین تقاضای جهانی غذا فراهم می‌کند، به‌دلیل افزایش قیمت سوخت‌های فسیلی با کاهش رقابت‌پذیری مواجه است. افزایش روزافزون تقاضا برای غذا و نوسانات قیمت سوخت‌های فسیلی منجر به جست‌وجوی منابع انرژی سازگار با محیط‌زیست شده است. انرژی، یکی از بزرگ‌ترین هزینه‌های سربار در تولید محصولات گلخانه‌ای به‌منظور کنترل اقلیم مناسب به‌شمار می‌رود. استفاده از سامانه‌های انرژی تجدیدپذیر بادی–خورشیدی برای کنترل شرایط محیطی گلخانه‌ها، مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی را کاهش داده و پایداری تولید گلخانه‌ای را بهبود می‌بخشد. این مرور با هدف معرفی دو نوع انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، مزایای استفاده از آنها در کشاورزی و گلخانه‌ها، چالش‌های پیش روی استفاده از این نوع انرژی، و ارائه نمونه‌های عملی از کاربردهای موفق در دنیا، به تشویق استفاده گسترده از این منابع ارزشمند در کشاورزی می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Applications of Renewable Energy in Agricultural Greenhouses

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Karami Moghadam
Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
The use of renewable energy in agriculture has become increasingly important in the contemporary world. In recent decades, climate change, along with the need to conserve natural resources and protect the environment, has emerged as one of the most significant challenges facing humanity. Agriculture, as a fundamental sector for both economic development and food security, plays a critical role in addressing these challenges. The integration of renewable energy technologies into agricultural systems not only improves productivity and enhances crop yields but also significantly reduces the negative environmental impacts associated with conventional agricultural practices.
Objective
In greenhouse production systems, heating and cooling systems are essential. Heating alone can account for approximately 70% of total production costs during the winter season. However, the use of renewable energy in the form of hybrid solar-wind systems has been reported to result in a substantial reduction in conventional energy consumption (Mahmoudi et al., 2008). In this context, passive solar greenhouses are often considered a cost-effective option for extending the growing season for farmers. In colder climates or cloudy regions, solar heating may need to be combined with another renewable energy source or a conventional heating system to ensure adequate crop protection against low temperatures (Chikaire et al., 2010).
Research Method
The data for this study were collected through a comprehensive literature review. The aim of this research is to examine successful experiences in the application of renewable energy through the review of various sources. Initially, the study focuses on the use of electrical energy in greenhouses. Subsequently, two renewable energy sources, solar and wind, are introduced, and their applications in greenhouses and agricultural systems in different countries are analyzed. The feasibility of integrating renewable energy systems into protected agriculture depends on several factors, all of which are thoroughly examined in this study. Finally, the challenges associated with the adoption of renewable energy in agriculture are discussed.
Results and Discussion
Despite the numerous advantages of renewable energy, its adoption, particularly in developing countries, faces significant challenges. In rural areas, institutional, political, legal, economic, and sociocultural factors play a critical role in the success of community-based renewable energy projects. Raising awareness among rural populations about the negative impacts of fossil fuel use has been shown to have a significant positive effect on the acceptance of renewable energy. Additionally, variables such as perceived vulnerability, intrinsic rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and perceived response costs have a significant positive influence on the adoption and utilization of renewable energy technologies.
Conclusion
Currently, a variety of technologies exist for renewable energy generation, including wind, solar, hydropower, and biomass. Among these, solar and wind energy have gained particular importance in the analysis, design, and development of innovative products. Future trends in renewable energy include advancements in multi-junction solar cells, thin-film technologies, and the development of low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaic cells.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Fossil energy
  • agricultural greenhouses
  • environmental protection
  • green energy
  • and climate change

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 اردیبهشت 1405
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