Agriculture and food systems stand at a critical intersection of global sustainability. While intensifying production to meet the food demands of a growing population, the sector relies heavily on direct and indirect fossil energy, significantly contributing to environmental degradation. This paper aims to classify agricultural energy inputs, analyze the environmental challenges associated with energy consumption, and explore key opportunities for improving energy efficiency and generating renewable energy to transition agriculture from a passive energy consumer to an active "prosumer". This study adopts a qualitative, analytical approach based on a structured integrative review of authoritative scientific literature and international reports. Agricultural energy inputs are categorized into direct (e.g., diesel, electricity) and indirect (embodied energy in synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery) sources, with synthetic fertilizers accounting for over 50% of total agricultural energy use. Inefficient energy and input utilization triggers severe environmental impacts, including global greenhouse gas emissions, aquatic eutrophication, soil degradation, acidification, and biodiversity loss. To address these issues, two complementary pathways are identified: (1) enhancing end-use energy efficiency through methods such as precision agriculture, reduced tillage, optimized irrigation, tractor electrification, and food loss reduction; and (2) deploying on-farm renewable energy technologies, such as biowaste-to-energy/biogas systems, agrivoltaics, and wind power. Integrating energy efficiency with decentralized renewable energy production is essential for aligning the agricultural sector with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Overcoming socio-economic and technical barriers to adopt these technologies will empower agriculture to mitigate its environmental footprint while strengthening global energy and food security.