Introduction

Large national and religious gatherings create rapidly changing spatial and temporal demands for urban services and require operational readiness, intersectoral coordination, appropriate infrastructure, health and safety control, and resilient logistics. Urban services in such events are not limited to waste collection and also include environmental maintenance, green-space protection, safe water and food, sanitation, transportation, crowd management, and welfare support.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate urban-service performance during the national farewell and funeral ceremony for the martyred Leader of the Revolution, with a particular focus on solid-waste management, and to identify strengths, weaknesses, and improvement needs for future mass gatherings.

Research Method

The study was conducted in two parts. First, overall urban-service performance was assessed using a 65-item checklist covering five main indicators and 14 components in nine temporary service and accommodation centers from 13 to 15 Tir 1405. Second, solid-waste management was evaluated in 30 centers, including 24 Mokebs and six temporary accommodation or service locations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean scores, and qualitative field observations.

Results and Discussion

The overall mean performance of urban services was 65.35%. The environmental indicator had the highest score at 83.79%, while the health indicator had the lowest score at 50.76%. At the component level, urban environmental maintenance and sanitary facilities performed best, whereas the personal hygiene of food handlers, health surveillance, and legal-regulatory compliance showed major weaknesses. The overall mean score for solid-waste management was 60.19%. Physical equipment and infrastructure performed relatively well, but source separation, public education, and participatory behavior were weak. In contrast, health, safety, and environmental requirements scored well. The findings suggest that the main problem was not the absolute shortage of resources, but the mismatch between service placement and the spatial-temporal distribution of population density and waste generation.

Conclusion

Urban-service performance during the ceremony was generally acceptable, but important gaps remained in preventive planning, health protection, food safety, accommodation siting, and waste management. Future events should move from reactive post-disposal cleaning toward source-based waste management, demand-based collection, targeted education, real-time monitoring, and integrated command.